The Strauss–Howe generational theory suggests that every 80 years or so, civilizations undergo a paradigmatic generational change. This theory aligns with the cyclical approach of Indian traditions, as opposed to linear Western traditions. As we enter the 80th year of independence in 2026, our country stands at the cusp of a new social, political and economic environment.

Caste remained an instrument of exploitation in most parts of independent India. For eight decades, policy degradation bred insecurity, distanced us from the follies of the past, and the youth, especially women from marginalized communities, were deprived of opportunities.

Farmers (annadata) remained cost centres, not profit engines for the state, and the poor (garibs) were seen only as vote banks and not as contributors to development. Under Narendra Modi’s tenure as Prime Minister, we have seen a social and economic churn, which is evident from the boom in growth indices, intellectual capital and the economy.

This reflects a dynamic shift from charity to equity. Now, the caste conversation is not around victimization and marginalization. It is about empowerment, embodied in the quartet “Garib, Yuva, Annadata, Nari” (knowledge).

Caste has been recoded – from identity politics to development politics. Modi’s efforts are in line with Amartya Sen’s “capability approach” and seek to make knowledge constituents supporters and creators, not patronage seekers.

Dalit women are redefining empowerment, starting their own enterprises and creating an ecosystem to inspire and support others like them who are paving their way to success. Dalit youth do not see themselves as “quota children” seeking upward mobility only through government jobs.

They aspire to be job creators. The celebration of “Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav” has further expanded the scope of our ambitions.